ASTM A199 and ASME SA199 Heat Exchanger Tubes
Table of Content
SA179 Tube takes pride in offering top-notch ASTM A199 Heat Exchanger Tubes, primarily designed for constructing heat exchanger equipment in critical industries such as oil refineries and petrochemical plants. The SA 199 T11 Condenser Tube, known for its exceptional physical and mechanical properties, is in high demand for gas condensers.
As one of the leading supplierand exporter in India, we specialize in A199 Grade T11 Boiler Tubes, providing high-quality products at competitive prices. Our Annealed ASTM A199 T22 U Tube Heat Exchangers are fully customized to meet diverse industry needs, and our satisfied clients worldwide attest to the quality of our services.
Offering various surface treatments on the A199M Cold Drawn Tube, including oil-dip, shot blasting, and varnish, we also provide painting services for the ASME SA199 Steam Tube Boiler as per client specifications.
The versatile applications of the ASTM A199 T5 Heat Exchanger Tube extend beyond heat exchangers to various construction projects, including residential, laboratory, and commercial buildings. The rugged nature of the ASTM A 199 Superheater Tube makes it an ideal choice for industrial structures. Available in seamless, welded, and casting variants, our tubes are designed to meet diverse project requirements.
Clients seeking a high-quality A199 T9 Fire Tube Boiler can rely on our expertise. Our products seamlessly withstand challenging conditions, including high temperatures, aggressive media like acids, and high pressures. With a dedicated team of experienced professionals overseeing the entire process, we ensure the products maintain the highest standards of quality and dimensional accuracy.
ASTM A199 Tubes Specification
Standards |
ASTM, ASME and API |
Size |
1/2” NB to 36” NB |
Craft |
Cold rolled / Cold drawn |
Type |
Seamless / ERW / Welded / Fabricated |
Thickness |
3-12mm |
Specialized in |
Large Diameter ASTM A192 Pipe |
Form |
Round, Hydraulic Etc |
Length |
Min 3 Meters, Max18 Meters, or according to customer’s requirement |
End |
Plain End, Beveled End, Treaded |
Different methods used by manufacturers’ |
Extrusion, CDW, Cold Drawn Seamless (CDS), Electro Fusion Seam Welded (EFSW), Fabricated, 100% X Ray/ Gamma Ray Welded, Welded, Submerged Arc Welded (SAW), Longitudinally Submerged Arc Welded (LSAW), Seamless, Hot Finish Seamless (HFS), Horizontal Submerged Arc Welded (HSAW), Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) |
Test |
Charpy V-Notch Test, Charpy V Impact Test, Non Destructive Testing , Hardness Test, Hydro test, Hardness, Metallurgical & Stereo Microscopy, Mechanical, Flux Leakage examination or Magnetic Flaw detection, SSC- Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking, Creep, Tensile, Macro, Burst Test, Radiography, Chemical, Fine Grain, NACE MR0175, Stress , Ultrasonic Test, Straightness, Ferrite, Eddy current, Micro, Bend TestBend test / Guided Bend, Impact, HIC- Hydrogen-induced Cracking, Positive Material Identification (PMI), Surface Roughness Test, TM0177, H2 SERVICE, Ultrasonic, TM0284, IGC- Intergranular Corrosion Test, Salt Spray Test to test Phosphating |
Additional Services and Facility |
Sawing, Laser/ Water Jet Cutting, Cutting, Beveling, Tapping, Polishing, Threading |
Additional Testing By Manufacturer |
NACE MR0175, SSC TEST,NACE TM0177, HIC TEST, NACE TM0284, H2 SERVICE, IBR, etc. |
Schedules |
SCH 160, SCH 40, SCH 80, SCH XXS, SCH XS, All Schedules |
Origin |
European, Japanese, Korean, US, Russian, Indian (Strictly No Chinese Material) |
Tolerance |
Cold drawn pipe: +/-0.1mm
Cold rolled pipe: +/-0.05mm
|
ASTM A199 Chemical Composition
Steel grade |
C |
Mn |
P (max) |
S (max) |
Si |
Cr |
Mo |
ASTM A199 T4 |
0.15MAX |
0.30-0.60 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.50-1.0 |
2.15-2.85 |
0.44-0.65 |
ASTM A199 T5 |
0.50-0.15 |
0.30-0.60 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.50MAX |
4.00-6.00 |
0.45-0.65 |
ASTM A199 T9 |
0.15MAX |
0.30-0.60 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.25-1.0 |
8.00-10.0 |
0.90-1.10 |
ASTM A199 T11 |
0.50-0.15 |
0.30-0.60 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.50-1.0 |
1.00-1.50 |
0.44-0.65 |
ASTM A199T22 |
0.50-0.15 |
0.30-0.60 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.50MAX |
1.90-2.60 |
0.87-1.13 |
* Ni 0.40 max; V 0.18-0.25; Cb 0.06-0.10; N 0.03-0.07; Al 0.04 max |
Mechanical Properties of ASTM A199
Steel grade |
Tensile Strength (Mpa) |
Yield Strength (Mpa) |
Elongation (%) |
Hardness HRB MAX |
ASTM A199 T4 |
415MIN |
170MIN |
30/22 |
85HRB MAX |
ASTM A199 T5 |
415MIN |
170MIN |
30/22 |
85HRB MAX |
ASTM A199 T9 |
415MIN |
170MIN |
30/22 |
85HRB MAX |
ASTM A199 T11 |
415MIN |
170MIN |
30/22 |
85HRB MAX |
ASTM A199 T22 |
415MIN |
170MIN |
30/22 |
85HRB MAX |
ASTM A199 Physical Property
Steel Grade |
Tensile Strength Mpa min |
Yield Strength mpa |
Elongation % |
Hardness HRB max |
All grades except T91 |
60(415) |
60(415) |
25(170) |
85 |
T91 |
85(585) |
85(585) |
60(415) |
/ |
Material Comparison of ASTM A 199 Heat-exchanger
ASTM standard |
Japanese |
German |
British |
JIS No |
DIN type |
DIN No |
BS No |
BS grade |
A199 T5 |
STBA25 |
|
12crmo19 5 |
3606 |
CFS625 |
A199 T11 |
STBA23 |
DIN17175 |
13crmo44 |
3606 |
CFS621 |
A199 T22 |
STBA24 |
SEW610 |
10crmo9 10 |
3606 |
CFS622 |
A199 t9 |
STBA26 |
DIN17175 |
12CrMo195 |
3606 |
|
Equivalent Grade of ASME SA199 High Pressure Tube
ASTM STANDARD |
UNS NO. |
KOREA/JAPANES |
GERMAN |
BRITISH |
BELGIAN |
FRENCH |
ITALIAN |
KS/JIS Symbol |
KS/JIS Numbe |
Remarks |
DIN Type |
DIN Number |
Materiral Number |
Remarks |
B.S Number |
B.S Grade |
Remarks |
NBN Type |
NBN Grade |
Remarks |
AFNOR Type |
NF Number |
Ramarks |
UNI Type |
UNI Number |
Ramarks |
T5 |
K41545 |
STHA 24 / STBA 25 |
D3572 / G3462 |
(35) |
12 CrMo 19 5 |
|
1.7362 |
(3a) |
3606 |
CFS 625 |
(35) |
X 12 Cr Mo 5 |
837 |
(35) |
Z 12 CD 5.05 |
|
(3a) |
|
|
(3); dalmine 234 |
T11 |
K11597 |
STHA 22 / STBA 23 |
D3572 / G3462 |
(35) |
13 CrMo 44 |
17175 |
1.7335 |
(8) |
3606 |
CFS 621 |
(35) |
|
|
|
10 CD 5.05 |
|
(3a) |
|
|
(3); dalmine 227(10) |
T22 |
K21590 |
STHA 23 / STBA 24 |
D3572 / G3462 |
(35) |
10 CrMo 9 10 |
17175 |
1.7380 |
|
3606 |
CFS 622 |
(35) |
10 Cr Mo 9 10 |
837 |
(35) |
10 CD 9.10 |
|
(3a) |
12CrMo 9 10 |
5462 |
(10) |
Equivalent Grade of ASME SA199 High Pressure Tube
Outside Diamter, mm |
Tolerance, % |
3.2≤OD<38.1 |
+20/-0 |
38.1≤OD≤76.2 |
+22/-0 |
Outside Diameter Tolerance of A199 T11 Tubing
OD In. (mm) |
Permissible Variations In. (mm) |
Over (+) |
Under (-) |
Under 1 (25.4) |
0.004 (0.1) |
0.004 (0.1) |
1 to 1 ½ (25.4 to 38.1), Incl |
0.006 (0.15) |
0.006 (0.15) |
Over 11⁄2 to 2 [38.1 to 50.8], Excl |
0.008 (0.2) |
0.008 (0.2) |
2 to 21⁄2 [50.8 to 63.5], Excl |
0.010 (0.25) |
0.010 (0.25) |
21⁄2 to 3 [63.5 to 76.2], Excl |
0.012 (0.3) |
0.012 (0.3) |
ASTM A 199 Alloy Large Diameter Tube Cut Length Tolerance
Cold-Finished Seamless Tubes |
OD, In.(mm) |
Cut Length, in.(mm) |
Over(+) |
Under(-) |
All Sizes |
3⁄16 [5] |
0 [0] |
Under 2 [50.8] |
1⁄8 [3] |
0 [0] |
2 [50.8] and over |
3⁄16 [5] |
0 [0] |
Under 2 [50.8] |
1⁄8 [3] |
0 [0] |
2 [50.8] and over |
3⁄16 [5] |
0 [0] |
Pressure Rating of ASTM A199 T5 Welded Tube
Maximum Allowable Pressure (psi) |
NPS |
Outside Diameter |
Schedule |
(in) |
(in) |
10 |
20 |
30 |
Sth |
40 |
60 |
XS |
80 |
100 |
120 |
140 |
160 |
XXS |
1/4 |
0.54 |
|
|
|
7985 |
7985 |
|
10798 |
10798 |
|
|
|
|
|
3/8 |
0.675 |
|
|
|
6606 |
6606 |
|
9147 |
9147 |
|
|
|
|
|
1/2 |
0.84 |
|
|
|
6358 |
6358 |
|
8575 |
8575 |
|
|
|
10908 |
17150 |
3/4 |
1.05 |
|
|
|
5273 |
5273 |
|
7187 |
7187 |
|
|
|
10220 |
14373 |
1 |
1.315 |
|
|
|
4956 |
4956 |
|
6670 |
6670 |
|
|
|
9316 |
13340 |
1 1/4 |
1.66 |
|
|
|
4133 |
4133 |
|
5638 |
5638 |
|
|
|
7380 |
11276 |
1 1/2 |
1.9 |
|
|
|
3739 |
3739 |
|
5158 |
5158 |
|
|
|
7247 |
10316 |
2 |
2.375 |
|
|
|
3177 |
3177 |
|
4498 |
4498 |
|
|
|
7097 |
8995 |
2 1/2 |
2.875 |
|
|
|
3460 |
3460 |
|
4704 |
4704 |
|
|
|
6391 |
9408 |
3 |
3.5 |
|
|
|
3024 |
3024 |
|
4200 |
4200 |
|
|
|
6132 |
8400 |
3 1/2 |
4 |
|
|
|
2769 |
2769 |
|
3896 |
3896 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
4.5 |
|
|
|
2581 |
2581 |
|
3670 |
3670 |
|
4769 |
|
5782 |
7339 |
5 |
5.563 |
|
|
|
2273 |
2273 |
|
3303 |
3303 |
|
4404 |
|
5505 |
6606 |
6 |
6.625 |
|
|
|
2071 |
2071 |
|
3195 |
3195 |
|
4157 |
|
5318 |
6390 |
8 |
8.625 |
|
1420 |
1574 |
1829 |
1829 |
2307 |
2841 |
2841 |
3375 |
4085 |
4613 |
5147 |
4971 |
10 |
10.75 |
|
1140 |
1399 |
1664 |
1664 |
2279 |
2279 |
2708 |
3277 |
3847 |
4558 |
5128 |
4558 |
12 |
12.75 |
|
961 |
1268 |
1441 |
1560 |
2160 |
1922 |
2644 |
3244 |
3843 |
4324 |
5042 |
3843 |
14 |
14 |
875 |
1092 |
1313 |
1313 |
1533 |
2079 |
1750 |
2625 |
3283 |
3829 |
4375 |
4921 |
|
16 |
16 |
766 |
956 |
1148 |
1148 |
1531 |
2009 |
1531 |
2585 |
3157 |
3733 |
4404 |
4882 |
|
18 |
18 |
681 |
849 |
1192 |
1021 |
1530 |
2042 |
1361 |
2553 |
3147 |
3743 |
4252 |
4848 |
|
20 |
20 |
613 |
919 |
1225 |
919 |
1455 |
1989 |
1225 |
2526 |
3138 |
3675 |
4288 |
4824 |
|
22 |
22 |
557 |
835 |
1114 |
835 |
|
1949 |
1114 |
2506 |
3063 |
3619 |
4176 |
4733 |
|
24 |
24 |
510 |
766 |
1147 |
766 |
1405 |
1978 |
1021 |
2489 |
3126 |
3700 |
4210 |
4786 |
|
30 |
30 |
510 |
817 |
1021 |
613 |
|
|
817 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
32 |
478 |
766 |
957 |
574 |
1054 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
34 |
450 |
721 |
901 |
540 |
992 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
36 |
425 |
681 |
851 |
510 |
1021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
42 |
|
583 |
729 |
438 |
875 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A199 Cold drawn heat exchangers tubes wall thickness
Outside |
Minimum wall thickness |
diameter |
BWG (inch) |
20 (.035) |
18 (.049) |
16 (.065) |
14 (.083) |
13 (.095) |
12 (.109) |
11 (.120) |
10 (.134) |
9 (.148) |
8 (.165) |
7 (.180) |
6 (.203) |
5 (.220) |
[mm] |
[inch] |
[mm] |
0,89 |
1,24 |
1,65 |
2,11 |
2,41 |
2,77 |
3,05 |
3,40 |
3,76 |
4,19 |
4,57 |
5,16 |
5,59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1/2 |
lb/ft |
0,190 |
0,256 |
0,327 |
0,399 |
0,441 |
0,487 |
0,519 |
0,555 |
0,586 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,70 |
.500 |
kg/m |
0,283 |
0,381 |
0,487 |
0,594 |
0,657 |
0,725 |
0,773 |
0,826 |
0,873 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5/8 |
lb/ft |
0,242 |
0,328 |
0,423 |
0,521 |
0,581 |
0,647 |
0,696 |
0,752 |
0,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,88 |
.625 |
kg/m |
0,360 |
0,488 |
0,630 |
0,776 |
0,865 |
0,964 |
1,036 |
1,120 |
1,198 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3/4 |
lb/ft |
|
0,400 |
0,518 |
0,643 |
0,720 |
0,807 |
0,872 |
0,948 |
1,021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,05 |
.750 |
kg/m |
|
0,595 |
0,771 |
0,957 |
1,072 |
1,202 |
1,299 |
1,412 |
1,521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7/8 |
lb/ft |
|
0,472 |
0,614 |
0,767 |
0,864 |
0,973 |
1,056 |
1,158 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,23 |
.875 |
kg/m |
|
0,702 |
0,913 |
1,141 |
1,285 |
1,448 |
1,571 |
1,722 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
lb/ft |
|
0,543 |
0,709 |
0,887 |
0,998 |
1,128 |
1,225 |
1,342 |
1,456 |
1,587 |
1,696 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,40 |
1.000 |
kg/m |
|
0,808 |
1,056 |
1,321 |
1,487 |
1,680 |
1,824 |
1,998 |
2,169 |
2,363 |
2,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 1/4 |
lb/ft |
|
0,686 |
0,900 |
1,131 |
1,277 |
1,448 |
1,577 |
1,734 |
1,891 |
2,071 |
2,225 |
2,451 |
2,607 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31,75 |
1.250 |
kg/m |
|
1,022 |
1,340 |
1,684 |
1,902 |
2,157 |
2,349 |
2,583 |
2,816 |
3,085 |
3,313 |
3,650 |
3,882 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 1/2 |
lb/ft |
|
0,830 |
1,090 |
1,375 |
1,556 |
1,769 |
1,930 |
2,128 |
2,326 |
2,556 |
2,753 |
3,047 |
3,253 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38,10 |
1.500 |
kg/m |
|
1,236 |
1,624 |
2,048 |
2,317 |
2,634 |
2,875 |
3,169 |
3,464 |
3,807 |
4,100 |
4,538 |
4,845 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
lb/ft |
|
|
1,472 |
1,863 |
2,114 |
2,409 |
2,636 |
2,914 |
3,196 |
3,525 |
3,810 |
4,241 |
4,547 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,80 |
2.000 |
kg/m |
|
|
2,192 |
2,775 |
3,148 |
3,588 |
3,925 |
4,340 |
4,759 |
5,250 |
5,674 |
6,316 |
6,771 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 1/2 |
lb/ft |
|
|
1,854 |
2,351 |
2,671 |
3,050 |
3,341 |
3,701 |
4,066 |
4,494 |
4,867 |
5,435 |
5,839 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
63,50 |
2.500 |
kg/m |
|
|
2,761 |
3,502 |
3,978 |
4,542 |
4,976 |
5,512 |
6,055 |
6,693 |
7,249 |
8,094 |
8,696 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
lb/ft |
|
|
|
2,840 |
3,228 |
3,691 |
4,047 |
4,487 |
4,935 |
5,464 |
5,924 |
6,628 |
7,132 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
76,20 |
3.000 |
kg/m |
|
|
|
4,229 |
4,808 |
5,497 |
6,027 |
6,683 |
7,350 |
8,137 |
8,823 |
9,871 |
10,622 |
ASTM A 199 Tube Application
The ASTM A199 tubes find widespread applications in various industries, particularly in environments where heat exchange and high-temperature conditions are crucial. Here are some key applications of ASTM A199 tubes:
- Heat Exchangers: ASTM A199 tubes are commonly used in the construction of heat exchangers. These devices facilitate the transfer of heat between two fluids, making them vital components in industries such as power generation, petrochemicals, and manufacturing processes.
- :
- Oil Refineries: In the oil refining industry, ASTM A199 tubes are utilized for different applications, including heat exchangers and condensers. The tubes’ properties make them well-suited for handling the high-temperature and corrosive conditions often present in oil refining processes.
- Petrochemical Plants: Petrochemical plants extensively use ASTM A199 tubes for various purposes, particularly in processes that involve the handling of high temperatures and challenging conditions. The tubes’ resilience and corrosion resistance make them suitable for critical applications in this industry.
- Gas Condensers: Tubes such as the SA 199 T11 Condenser Tube are in high demand for gas condensers due to their physical and mechanical properties. Gas condensers play a crucial role in cooling and condensing gas into a liquid state, and these tubes contribute to the efficiency of this process.
- Boiler Systems: ASTM A199 tubes, including different grades such as A199 Grade T11 and A199 t9 Fire Tube Boiler, are used in boiler systems. The tubes’ ability to withstand high temperatures and pressure environments makes them suitable for boiler applications in various industries.
- Superheaters and Reheaters: Tubes like the ASTM A199 T5 Heat Exchanger Tube are employed in superheaters and reheaters. These components enhance the efficiency of steam generation systems by increasing the temperature of the steam before it enters the turbines.
- Industrial Construction: The ASTM A 199 Superheater Tube’s sturdy nature makes it ideal for use in industrial construction projects. Its durability and toughness contribute to the structural integrity of buildings in demanding industrial environments.
- Construction Projects: Beyond industrial applications, ASTM A199 tubes, such as the T5 Heat Exchanger Tube, are also popularly used in various construction projects, including residential, commercial, and laboratory buildings.
Supply and Exporter of ASTM A199 Tubes in Cities like
Pimpri-Chinchwad, Chandigarh, Kuwait City, Ulsan, Ankara, Geoje-si, Hanoi, Noida, Secunderabad, Sharjah, Los Angeles, Ahmedabad, Caracas, Al Khobar, Mexico City, Jaipur, New York, Tehran, Gimhae-si, Muscat, Jakarta, Montreal, Perth, Chiyoda, Madrid, Pune, Baroda, Nagpur, Ludhiana, Surat, Melbourne, Lagos, Bengaluru, Kuala Lumpur, Algiers, Ernakulam, Haryana, Courbevoie, London, Dammam, Brisbane, Thane, Aberdeen, Hong Kong, Doha, Houston, Ahvaz, Bogota, Bangalore, Cochin, Anand, Nadiad, ankleshwar, Bharuch, vapi, Valsad, Medak, Godavari, Mumbai, Dallas, Santiago, Bangkok, New Delhi, Ranchi, Hyderabad, Lahore, Indore, Jeddah, Singapore, Kanpur, Moscow, Coimbatore, Seoul, Navi Mumbai, Granada, Chennai, Sydney, Istanbul, Colombo, Faridabad, Dubai, Howrah, Toronto, Rajkot, Karachi, Milan, Bhopal, Nashik, Cairo, Riyadh, Edmonton, Rio de Janeiro, Kolkata, La Victoria, Vung Tau, Gurgaon, Ho Chi Minh City, Thiruvananthapuram, Visakhapatnam, Petaling Jaya, Atyrau, Vadodara, Jamshedpur, Abu Dhabi, Al Jubail, Manama, Busan, Calgary, Port-of-Spain.
Supply and Exporter of ASTM A199 Tubes in Countries like
Taiwan, Mexico, Iran, Namibia, Afghanistan, Netherlands, Nepal, Ireland, Libya, Morocco, Iran, Switzerland, Finland, Slovakia, Pakistan, Australia, Serbia, Angola, China, Philippines, Czech Republic, Belgium, Estonia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Sweden, Venezuela, Colombia, India, Belarus, Jordan, Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Vietnam, Ghana, Iraq, Algeria, Puerto Rico, New Zealand, Singapore, Indonesia, Ukraine, Israel, Mexico, Hong Kong, Bhutan, Germany, Brazil, Plan, Yemen, Malasiya, USA, Cambodia, Laos, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, zambia, Ethiopia, Brunei, Madagascar, Niger, Mali, Bangladesh, Bolivia, United States, Ecuador, Lebanon, Italy, South Korea, Denmark, Norway, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Japan, Yemen, Oman, Portugal, Lithuania, Canada, Macau, Bahrain, Austria, Bulgaria, Spain, Kenya, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Kazakhstan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Gambia, Argentina, Romania, Tibet, France, Chile, Gabon, South Africa, Trinidad & Tobago,Tunisia, Turkey, Nigeria, Peru, Russia, Chile, Nigeria, Hungary, Qatar, Greece, Malaysia, Kuwait, Poland, Thailand, Poland.